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There has been no successful democratic revolution in any Middle Eastern country. Instead, the democratic openings advocated and supported by the United States have either led to sectarian division or

This text discusses the lack of successful democratic revolutions in the Middle East, largely due to U.S. policies that have often led to sectarian division and the empowerment of Islamist groups. It

REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 13 always been the possibility that Syria could be coaxed and pressured into adopting more pragmatic policies. Revived U.S. efforts to relaunch the Israeli-Palestinian

The text discusses the political realities of Lebanon following Syria's withdrawal and the influence of Hizbollah and other political factions. Despite Syrian troop withdrawal, control issues persist,

REALITIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 15 tion of the international consensus, obscures a deeper problem: realities on the ground have already destroyed much of the viability of the two-state solution. The

The viability of the two-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is increasingly in question due to the weakened Palestinian leadership and diminishing trust between Palestinians and Israel

22 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST few, limited in scope, carried out only when allowed by incumbent regimes, and dropped quickly when governments objected. After September 11, President Bush openly repudiated th

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's declaration of aligning American values of freedom and security contrasted

failed to attract a substantial following. Finally, the growing importance of Hizbollah in Lebanon is probably another factor. Hizbollah has become not only a domestic player capable of paralyzing the

This text analyzes the socio-political dynamics affecting Shi’a Muslims in the Middle East, highlighting their status in various countries, including Iran, Iraq, and Bahrain. While Hizbollah has estab

A new policy toward Syria also needs to recognize the country for what it is: a small country without massive ambitions or ideological crusades, trying to maintain some role in the region. The confron

This text discusses the need for a nuanced U.S. policy toward Syria, recognizing its limited ambitions while encouraging a shift away from its spoiler role in Lebanon and alignment with Iran. It furth

38 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST must be clearly defined; in the Middle East, the concept of democracy promotion has fluctuated from aggressive rhetoric of regime overthrow at one extreme to small, little noti

The text discusses the fluctuating concept of democracy promotion in the Middle East, highlighting the confusion between promoting democracy and regime overthrow. It emphasizes the need for the U.S. t

About the Authors MARINA OTTAWAY is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and director of the Carnegie Middle East Program. Her most recent book, Beyond the Façade: Political Re

This section highlights the contributions of key authors associated with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Marina Ottaway, a senior associate, leads the Democracy and Rule of Law Program

WORLD FELLOWSHIP OF BUDDHIST YOUTH 61/6 Benajamin Park, Sukhumvit 24 Bangkok, Thailand 10110 Tel +66 87 502 6358 Fax +662 534 0270 November 13th, 2012 Our Ref: WFBY 36/2555 Mr Gwang-Jo Kim DIRECTO

The World Fellowship of Buddhist Youth (WFBY) has formally requested UNESCO to intervene against the planned copper mining at Mes Aynak, a site of crucial cultural and historical significance dating b

Preface Not a month goes by these days without another important article being published on some newly uncovered Buddhist text, and among the discoveries are ancient materials about Buddhist meditati

This preface discusses the ongoing discoveries in Buddhist meditation texts and the efforts of Venerable Phrakrupaladnayokwarawat (Sudhammo Bhikkhu) in promoting scholarly exploration. It emphasizes t

Inpirational Message On the 44th Anniversary of the Ordination of Most Venerable Founder Luang Phaw Dhammajayo on 27th August 2012 and also in the historical year of the Buddhajayanti 2600 celebration

On August 27, 2012, the Dhammachai International Research Institute (DIRI) marked the 44th anniversary of Luang Phaw Dhammajayo's ordination and the significant Buddhajayanti 2600. This inaugural rese

refer to something which 'transforms' the person into noble states, so that itself is comparable to the creator. At the same time, it must refer also to the shared or same kind of qualities or essence

This text delves into the concept of transformation in Buddhist philosophy, specifically through the Noble Eightfold Path. It highlights how this path aids in the eradication of defilements, enabling

mental qualities128 or purity,129 or identifies it with realities to be attained or experienced spiritually by noble disciples through the penetration of the noble paths.130 In one instance, he connec

This text examines the term dhammakāya as articulated by Buddhaghosa, linking it to spiritual realities and teachings of the Buddha. It highlights the role of dhamma-vinaya as a guiding principle and

I will give a brief overview of the manuscripts that have been discovered and catalogued, an explanation of some current research projects, and I will discuss some of the problems that threaten China'

This document provides an overview of Theravāda Buddhist manuscripts found in China, particularly in Yunnan Province. It discusses the significance of these manuscripts within the Dai community and hi

In this paper I explore the connections between An Shigao and the introduction of the Indian Buddhist meditation technique of mindfulness breathing meditation, or ānāpānasmṛti, into Eastern Han China.

This paper examines An Shigao's role in introducing the Indian mindfulness breathing meditation technique, ānāpānasmṛti, into Eastern Han China. The phrase「息中具有四大。 而心在中」suggests that the mind should f

From Sengyou’s CSZJJ, we learn that there are two Anban[shouyi] jing sutras which were translated by An Shigao:37 安般守意經一卷 安錄云：『小安般經』。（CSZJJ p.5c 23: “corresponding to a Smaller Anban jing” 大安般經一卷（CSZJ

This content examines An Shigao's translations of Anban sutras, highlighting the distinctions between the Present Da Anban shouyi jing and the Kongo-ji Anban shouyi jing. The text discusses the integr

finding is a method of finding illumination by returning to the fundamental order of the cosmos65. This involves fully emptying out the contents of consciousness until a condition of union with the wa

The text discusses Neidan, a method for achieving union with the cosmos through deep meditation and consciousness emptying. It examines key concepts such as attaining the One, the empty Way, and the P

Kohn, Livia, and Yoshinobu Sakade. Taoist Meditation and Longevity Techniques. Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. Mair, Victor H. “What Is Geyi, After All?” In Philosophy and Re

This collection examines various texts that shed light on the development of Chinese philosophical thought and literary traditions. Works range from Livia Kohn's exploration of Taoist meditation pract

“Sabba danam dhamma danam jinati” “The gift of Dhamma excels all other gifts” As director of the Dhammachai International Research Institute of Australia and New Zealand (DIRI), I would like to expre

In this message, Phrakrupladnayokwarawat (SudhammoBhikkhu) expresses gratitude to Rungsilp Printing Co., Ltd. for their support in publishing the DIRI journal. This publication aims to benefit student

This Life Next Life Payasi Sutta (Rebirth and Karma) Thus have I heard. 1. The venerable Kumara Kassapa¹ was once walking on tour in Kosala together with a great company of bhikkhus, to the number o

The Payasi Sutta recounts the teachings of venerable Kumara Kassapa during his time in Setavya. It narrates the challenges faced by Payasi, a chieftain in this city, as he grapples with misconceptions